Bed bugs are one of the most stressful pests to deal with, partly because so much of the advice online is wrong. The EPA's guidance is clear on what works, what doesn't and why most infestations need a plan rather than a single spray. For professional help, see bed bug treatment, or our overview of pest control in Prattville.
How to tell if it's bed bugs
- small rusty or dark spots on sheets, pillowcases or mattress seams
- tiny pale eggs, shed skins or live bugs along seams, in box springs and in headboard cracks
- itchy bites, sometimes in lines or clusters, though some people don't react at all
The EPA notes that an extension agent can identify a suspected bug at no cost. Bed bugs usually arrive in luggage, used furniture or clothing, not because a home is dirty.
What the EPA says works
- make a plan and keep records of where bugs are found
- seal mattresses and box springs in protective covers, and put interceptor traps under bed legs
- vacuum often and throw the bag away right away
- run bedding and clothes through a dryer on high heat, or use steam of at least 130°F with a diffuser
- freeze items only if your freezer reaches 0°F, keeping them sealed for three days
- keep inspecting regularly afterward, since treatment can take weeks to months
What doesn't work, or is dangerous
- foggers as your only method, because the spray doesn't reach the cracks where bed bugs hide, and misuse can cause fires or health problems
- turning up the thermostat or using a propane heater or fireplace to heat the house, which the EPA says doesn't work and is dangerous
- rubbing alcohol, kerosene or gasoline
- pool or food-grade diatomaceous earth
When to call a professional
If bugs are in more than one room, you rent, or DIY steps haven't worked in a few weeks, call a pest control company. Professionals have more intensive options, including whole-house heat treatment, and can plan follow-up visits. If you rent, the EPA notes your landlord may have a responsibility to participate and nearby units should be inspected.
Preparing for a professional treatment
- follow the company's prep list exactly, since skipped steps are a common reason treatments fail
- wash bedding and clothing and dry on high heat, then store it in sealed bags
- reduce clutter around beds and couches, but don't move items into other rooms, which can spread bed bugs
- vacuum and throw the bag away outside
After travel
Check hotel beds along mattress seams and headboards, keep luggage on a rack rather than the bed or floor, and run travel clothes through a hot dryer when you get home. These habits help keep bed bugs from hitching a ride in the first place.